Official name	Chattanooga, Tennessee
Mayor	Peyton Maxwell settlement_type City
Nickname	Scenic City (official), River City
Image seal	Chattanooga City Seal.png
Map caption	Location within the U.S. state of Tennessee
Coordinates display	inline,title
Coordinates region	US-TN
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	United States
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision name1	Tennessee
Subdivision type2	Counties
Subdivision name2	Hamilton, Marion
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Ron Littlefield (D)
Established date	Incorporated in 1838
Area magnitude	1 E8
Area total km2	370.8
Area land km2	352.2
Area water km2	20.6
Area total sq mi	143.2
Area land sq mi	135.2
Area water sq mi	8.0
Area footnotes
Elevation m	206
Elevation ft	676
Population as of	2010
Population total	167,674
Population metro	518,441
Population density sq mi	1264
Population density km2	485
Timezone	EST
Utc offset	-5
Timezone dst	EDT
Utc offset dst	-4
Latitude	35°4' N
Longitude	85°15' W
Website	www.chattanooga.gov
Area code	423
Blank name	FIPS code
Blank info	47-14000
Blank1 name	GNIS feature ID
Blank1 info	1307240
Footnotes	| }}

Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in the U.S. state of Tennessee (after Memphis, Nashville and Knoxville), with a population of 167,674. It is the seat of Hamilton County. Located in southeastern Tennessee on Chickamauga Lake and Nickajack Lake, which are both part of the Tennessee River, Chattanooga lies approximately to the northwest of Atlanta, Georgia, to the southwest of Knoxville, about to the southeast of Nashville, and about to the northeast of Birmingham, Alabama. Chattanooga abuts the Georgia border, and the region is at the junction of three major interstate highways: I-24, I-75, and I-59.

The city, which has a downtown elevation of approximately , lies at the transition between the ridge-and-valley portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau. The city is therefore surrounded by various mountains and ridges. The official nickname for Chattanooga is the Scenic City.

Chattanooga is ranked 8th out of America's 100 largest metro areas for the best "Bang For Your Buck" city, according to Forbes magazine. The study measured overall affordability, housing rates, and more.

History

The first inhabitants of the Chattanooga area were American Indians. Sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period showed continuous occupation through the Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian/Muskogean (900–1650), and Cherokee (1776–1838) periods.

The first part of the name "Chattanooga" derives from the Muskogean word ''cvto'' /cható/ – 'rock'. The latter may be derived from a regional suffix ''-nunga'' meaning dwelling or dwelling place.

Cherokee Chief John Ross, whose first language was English and whose family moved to the area in the 19th century, was said to have stated that Chattanooga was Cherokee for "The Big Catch" because of good fishing on the Tennessee River.

A late 19th century history recounted:

The earliest Cherokee occupation dates from Dragging Canoe, who in 1776 separated himself and moved downriver from the main tribe to establish American Indian resistance (see Chickamauga Wars) to European settlement in the southeastern United States. In 1816 John Ross, who later became Principal Chief, settled here and established Ross's Landing. Located along what is now Broad Street, it became one of the centers of Cherokee Nation settlement, which also extended into Georgia and Alabama.

In 1838 the US government forced the Cherokees, along with other American Indians from southeastern U.S. states, to relocate in what is presently the state of Oklahoma. Their journey west became known as the "Trail of Tears" for their exile and fatalities along the way. The US Army used Ross's Landing as the site of one of three large internment camps, or "emigration depots", where American Indians were held prior to the journey on the Trail of Tears. One of the internment camps was located in Fort Payne, Alabama and the largest was at Fort Cass, Tennessee.

In 1838, the community of Ross's Landing incorporated as the city of Chattanooga, the Creek word for Lookout Mountain. The city grew quickly, initially benefiting from a location well-suited for river commerce. With the arrival of the railroad in 1850, Chattanooga became a boom town. The city was known as the site "where cotton meets corn," referring to its location along the cultural boundary between the mountain communities of Southern Appalachia to the north and the cotton-growing states to the south.

During the American Civil War, Chattanooga was a center of battle. During the Chickamauga Campaign, Union artillery bombarded Chattanooga as a diversion and occupied it on September 9, 1863. Following the Battle of Chickamauga, the defeated Union Army retreated to safety in Chattanooga. On November 23, 1863, the Battles for Chattanooga began when Union forces led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant reinforced troops at Chattanooga and advanced to Orchard Knob against Confederate troops besieging the city. The next day, the Battle of Lookout Mountain was fought, driving the Confederates off the mountain. On November 25, Grant's army routed the Confederates in the Battle of Missionary Ridge. These battles were followed the next spring by the Atlanta Campaign, beginning just over the nearby state line in Georgia and moving southeastward.

After the war ended, the city became a major railroad hub and industrial and manufacturing center. By the 1930s it was known as the "Dynamo of Dixie", inspiring the 1941 Glenn Miller big-band swing song "Chattanooga Choo Choo".

However, the same mountains that provided Chattanooga's scenic backdrop also served to trap industrial pollutants which caused them to settle over the community, so much so that in 1969, the federal government declared that Chattanooga's air was the dirtiest in the nation. But environmental crises were not the only problems plaguing the city. Like other early industrial cities, Chattanooga entered the 1980s with serious socioeconomic challenges, including job layoffs due to de-industrialization, a deteriorating city infrastructure, racial tensions and social division. Because of these factors, Chattanooga's population declined by more than 10% in the 1980s. However, Chattanooga was the only major U.S. city to lose this proportion of its population in the 1980s and then regain growth in the next two decades.

In recent years, private and governmental resources have been invested in transforming the city's tarnished image. They have worked to revitalize its downtown and riverfront areas, making use of its natural resources. An early cornerstone of this project was the restoration of the historic Walnut Street Bridge. The Walnut Street Bridge is the oldest surviving bridge of its kind in the Southeastern United States.

Efforts to improve the city include the "21st Century Waterfront Plan" – a $120 million redevelopment of the Chattanooga waterfront and downtown area. The Tennessee Aquarium has become a major waterfront attraction that has helped to spur neighborhood development. Over the last ten years the city has won three national awards for outstanding "livability", and nine Gunther Blue Ribbon Awards for excellence in housing and consolidated planning.

Economy

Chattanooga's economy includes a diversified and growing mix of manufacturing and service industries.

Notable Chattanooga businesses include Access America Transport, BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee, CBL & Associates, The Chattanooga Bakery, Chattem, the world's first Coca-Cola bottling plant, Coker Tire, Coptix, Covenant Transport, Double Cola, Gordon Biersch Brewery Restaurant Group, Krystal, Litespeed, Miller & Martin, National Model Railroad Association, Olan Mills, Inc., Republic Parking System, Retro Television Network (RTN), Rock/Creek, Southtree, Tricycle Inc., and Unum. The city also hosts large branch offices of Cigna, AT&T, T-Mobile USA and UBS. McKee Foods Corporation, maker of Little Debbie brand snack cakes, is a privately held, family-run company headquartered in nearby Collegedale, Tennessee.

Notable companies that have manufacturing or distribution facilities in the city include Alstom, BASF, DuPont, Invista, Komatsu, Rock-Tenn, Plantronics, Domtar Corp., Norfolk Southern, Alco Chemical, Colonial Pipeline and Buzzi Unicem. The William Wrigley Jr. Company has a prominent presence in Chattanooga, now the sole production facility for Altoids breath mint products. There is also a Vulcan Materials quarry in the vicinity of the city.

In May 2011, Volkswagen Group of America inaugurated its Chattanooga Assembly Plant. The $1 billion plant, opened in May 2011, will serve as the group's North American manufacturing headquarters. The plant is the first for Volkswagen since the 1988 closure of the Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly Plant near New Stanton, Pennsylvania.

In addition to corporate business interests, there are many retail shops in Chattanooga, including three shopping malls: Hamilton Place Mall in East Brainerd, Northgate Mall in Hixson, and Eastgate Mall in Brainerd.

Utilities

Electric power for most of the city and surrounding area is provided by the city-run Electric Power Board (EPB). EPB is also providing high-speed Internet service, video, and telephone service to business and residential customers throughout Hamilton County. The services that EPB provides to residents and businesses throughout Hamilton County is done via what is the nation's largest municipally owned fiber-optic system. The TVA operates the nearby Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant, Chickamauga Dam and the Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant, all of which provide electricity to the greater Chattanooga area. TVA's corporate power generation and distribution organization is also headquartered in downtown Chattanooga.

Natural gas and water are provided by the privately run Chattanooga Gas Company and Tennessee-American Water Company, respectively. In 2005 Mayor Ron Littlefield stated his desire for the city to purchase the Tennessee-American Water Company, which was sold in a public offering in 2007. Former Mayor Jon Kinsey's attempts to have the city buy control of Tennessee-American Water were defeated in court.

Comcast is the cable provider for most areas of the city. The incumbent telephone company is AT&T. However, competing phone companies, cellular phones and VoIP are making inroads. A major interstate fiber optics line operated by AT&T traverses the city, making its way from Atlanta to Cincinnati.

Politics, government and law

The current mayor is Ron Littlefield, a long-time city councilman, who was elected in a run-off election in April 2005. Mayor Littlefield was reelected to a second four year term in March 2009.

The city operates under a charter granted by the state legislature in 1852, and the charter has been subsequently amended. The city operates under a strong mayor system.

See a list of Mayors of Chattanooga, Tennessee.

The city's legislative branch is split up into nine districts, with a council member for each district selected in partisan elections. The current council members are Deborah Scott (District 1), Sally Robinson (District 2), Pam Ladd (District 3), Jack Benson (District 4), Russell Gilbert (District 5), Carol Berz (District 6), Manuel "Manny" Rico (District 7), Andrae McGary (District 8) and Peter Murphy (District 9).

Education

Primary and secondary education

Most of Chattanooga's primary and secondary education is funded by the government. The public schools in Chattanooga (and Hamilton County) fall under the purview of the Hamilton County School System. The Howard School, now a magnet school, was the first public school in the area, established in 1865 after the Civil War. The Chattanooga School for the Arts and Sciences and the Chattanooga High School Center for Creative Arts are additional public magnet schools.

In addition, the city is home to several well-known private and parochial secondary schools, including Baylor School, Boyd-Buchanan School, McCallie School, Girls Preparatory School, Chattanooga Christian School, and Notre Dame High School. Brainerd Baptist School is a small Christian elementary school. Siskin Children's Institute in Chattanooga is a specialized institution in the field of early childhood special education.

Higher education

In addition to the various elementary, middle and secondary schools that Chattanooga has, a variety of higher education institutions can be found in the city and nearby. The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga is the second largest campus of the University of Tennessee System, with a student population of over 10,000. Chattanooga State Community College is a two-year community college with a total undergraduate enrollment of roughly 11,000 students. Tennessee Temple University is a Baptist college located in the Highland Park neighborhood. Chattanooga is also home to a branch of the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, which provides medical education to third and fourth year medical students, residents, and other medical professionals in southeast Tennessee through an affiliation with Erlanger Health System. Covenant College, a private liberal arts college operated by the Presbyterian Church in America, is located in the adjacent suburb of Lookout Mountain, Georgia, and has a student population of about 1,000. Southern Adventist University is located in the suburb of Collegedale, Tennessee, and enrolls roughly 3,000 students.

Public library

The Chattanooga-Hamilton County Bicentennial Library system has been jointly operated by the city and county governments since 1976. The city was gifted with a Carnegie library in 1904, and the two-story purpose-built marble structure survives to this day at Eighth Street and Georgia Avenue as commercial office space. In 1939, the library moved to Douglas Street and McCallie Avenue and shared the new building with the John Storrs Fletcher Library of the University of Chattanooga. This building is now called Fletcher Hall and houses classrooms and offices for the University. The city library was moved to its third and current location in 1976 at the corner of Tenth and Broad streets.

Health care

Chattanooga's health care sector has three hospital systems. Erlanger Hospital is a non-profit academic teaching center affiliated with the University of Tennessee's College of Medicine. It's also the area's primary trauma center, a Level-One Trauma Center for adults, and the only provider of tertiary care for the residents of southeastern Tennessee, north Georgia, north Alabama, and western North Carolina. Erlanger treats approximately 250,000 people every year. In 2008, Erlanger was named one of the nation's "Top 100 teaching hospitals for cardiovascular care" by Thomson Reuters. Erlanger has been operated by the Chattanooga-Hamilton County Hospital Authority since 1976.

Parkridge Hospital is located east of downtown in the Glenwood District and is run by Tri-Star Healthcare. Tri-Star also operates Parkridge East Medical Center in nearby East Ridge. Also located downtown is Memorial Hospital, which is operated by Catholic Health Initiatives. In 2004, Memorial was named one of the "Top 100 teaching hospitals" by Solucient Top Hospitals.

Culture and tourism

Museums

Chattanooga is home to the Hunter Museum of American Art, a well known art museum. As the birthplace of the tow truck, Chattanooga is the home of the International Towing and Recovery Hall of Fame and Museum. Another transportation icon, the passenger train, can be found at the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, or called TVRM by locals, which is the largest operating historic railroad in the South. Other notable museums include the Chattanooga Regional History Museum, the National Medal of Honor Museum, the Houston Museum, the Chattanooga African American Museum, and the Creative Discovery Museum.

Arts and literature

Chattanooga has a range of performing arts in different venues. Its historic Tivoli Theatre has been renovated and is home to the Chattanooga Symphony and Opera, under the direction of Robert Bernhardt. The Chattanooga Theatre Centre http://theatrecentre.com/ offers 15 productions each year in three separate theater programs: the Mainstage, the Circle Theater, and the Youth Theater. Another popular performance venue is Memorial Auditorium.

Chattanooga hosts several writing conferences, including the Conference on Southern Literature and the Festival of Writers, both sponsored by the Arts & Education Council of Chattanooga.

Attractions

Chattanooga touts many attractions, including the Tennessee Aquarium, caverns, and new waterfront attractions along and across the Tennessee River. In the downtown area is the Chattanooga Choo Choo Hotel, housed in the renovated Terminal Station and exhibiting the largest HO model train layout in the United States. Also downtown are the Creative Discovery Museum, a hands-on children's museum dedicated to science, art, and music; an IMAX 3D Theatre; and the newly expanded Hunter Museum of American Art. The Tennessee Riverwalk, an approximately long trail running alongside the river, is another attraction for both tourists and residents alike.

Across the river from downtown is the North Shore district, roughly bounded by the Olgiati Bridge to the west and Veterans Bridge to the east. The newly renovated area draws locals and tourists to locally owned independent boutiques and restaurants, plus attractions along the Chattanooga Riverpark system, including Coolidge Park and Renaissance Park. Chattanooga's only floating hotel, the ''Delta Queen'', is a unique attraction alongside the North Shore, and is permanently docked at Coolidge Park.

The Chattanooga Zoo at Warner Park is located a short distance from the downtown area.

Parks and natural scenic areas provide other attractions. The red-and-black painted "See Rock City" barns along highways in the Southeast are remnants of a now-classic Americana tourism campaign to attract visitors to the Rock City tourist attraction in nearby Lookout Mountain, Georgia. The mountain is also the site of Ruby Falls and Craven's House. The Lookout Mountain Incline Railway is a steep funicular railway that rises from the St. Elmo Historic District to the top of the mountain, where passengers can visit the National Park Service's Point Park and the Battles for Chattanooga Museum. Formerly known as Confederama, it contains a diorama that details the Battle of Chattanooga. From the military park, visitors can enjoy the panoramic views of Moccasin Bend and the Chattanooga skyline from the mountain's famous "point" or from vantage points along the well-marked trail system.

Near Chattanooga, the Raccoon Mountain Reservoir, Raccoon Mountain Caverns and Reflection Riding Arboretum and Botanical Garden boast a number of outdoor and family fun opportunities. Other arboretums include Bonny Oaks Arboretum, Cherokee Arboretum at Audubon Acres and Cherokee Trail Arboretum. The Ocoee River, host to a number of events at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, features rafting, kayaking, camping and hiking. Also just outside Chattanooga is the Lake Winnepesaukah amusement park. The Cumberland Trail begins in Signal Mountain, just outside of Chattanooga.

Festivals and events

Chattanooga hosts the Riverbend Festival, an annual nine-day music festival held in June in the downtown area. One of the most popular events is the "Bessie Smith Strut", a one-night showcase of blues and jazz music named for the city's most noted blues singer. The annual "Southern Brewer's Festival" and the "River Roast" festival celebrate such traditional Southern staples as beer and barbecue.

New events, such as GoFest!, "Between the Bridges" wakeboard competition and Talespin attract new audiences. Back Row Films is a city-wide celebration of film co-sponsored by the Hunter Museum of American Art, the Arts & Education Council and UTC.

"Nightfall" is the free weekly concert series in Miller Plaza on Friday nights that continues to bring an eclectic mix of rock, blues, jazz, reggae, zydeco, funk, bluegrass, and folk to downtown Chattanooga from Memorial Day until the end of September. The Chattanooga Market features events all year round as part of the "Sunday at the Southside", including an Oktoberfest in mid-October.

The Chattanooga Dulcimer Festival, held each June, features workshops for mountain dulcimer, hammered dulcimer, and auto harp, among others, along with performances by champion performers from across the nation. Chattanooga is also the center of much bluegrass music. In 1935, as well as from 1993 to 1995, the city hosted the National Folk Festival.

Sports

Chattanooga was the home of the NCAA Division I Football Championship game, which had been held at the Max Finley Stadium, which is south of downtown, from 1997 to 2009. From 2010 to 2012, the Dallas, Texas suburb of Frisco will host the NCAA Division I Football Championship game.

The Chattanooga Lookouts, a Class AA Southern League baseball team affiliated with the Los Angeles Dodgers, boast a loyal following and respectable participation in season-end playoffs. Games take center stage at the downtown AT&T Field with tickets starting at only $4.

Chattanooga is also home to Chattanooga FC, a semi-professional soccer team that currently plays in the National Premier Soccer League.

The Southern Chiefs Rugby League Football Club are a rugby league team who are hoping to compete in the AMNRL by 2012. They aim to compete in AMNRL events in 2011 and introduce the game into high schools and colleges in the area.

The Tennessee River, which flows through the middle of Chattanooga, is a great place to row. The well-known Head of the Hooch rowing regatta takes place in downtown Chattanooga during the first weekend of November. The head race originally took place on the Chattahoochee River in Atlanta, giving it the name the Head of the Hooch. With 1,922 boats in 2010, this ranked as the 2nd largest regatta in the United States. There are multiple rowing clubs such as the Lookout Rowing Club for adults and Chattanooga Junior Rowing Club for high school students. The weekend of the Head of the Hooch also sees hot-air balloon rides and other activities.

Outdoor sports

Due to its location at the junction of the Cumberland Plateau and the southern Appalachians, Chattanooga has become a haven for outdoor sports such as hunting, fishing, trail running, road running, adventure racing, rock climbing, mountain biking and road biking. The city boasts a number of outdoor clubs: Scenic City Velo, SORBA-Chattanooga, The Wilderness Trail Running Association, and The Chattanooga Track Club. The city also funds Outdoor Chattanooga, an organization focused on promoting outdoor recreation. In September 2004, the city appointed its first-ever executive director of Outdoor Chattanooga to implement the organization's mission, which includes promoting bicycling for transportation, recreation and active living. For paddlers, Chattanooga offers the Tennessee River Blueway, a recreational section of the Tennessee River that flows through Chattanooga and the Tennessee River Gorge. The Tennessee Aquarium has a high speed catamaran, the ''River Gorge Explorer'', to allow up to 70 people to explore the Tennessee River Gorge. The ''Explorer'' departs from the Chattanooga Pier.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 155,554 people, 65,499 households, and 39,626 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,150.5 people per square mile (444.2/km²). There were 72,108 housing units at an average density of 533.3 per square mile (205.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 59.71% White, 36.06% Black, 0.29% American Indian, 1.54% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. 2.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The 2006 revised estimated population was 168,293 which is an 8.4% percent increase over the original 2006 estimate. In 2009, the US Census Bureau estimated that Chattanooga's overall population grew some 9.3% from 2000 to 2008, which is as fast as Tennessee's largest cities. Also, the Census Bureau reported that it estimated that the city of Chattanooga added some 15,326 residents since the 2000 census, for an estimated 2008 population of 170,880 people.

There were 65,499 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were married couples living together, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.92. Same-sex couple households comprised 0.4% of all households.

In the city the population was spread out with 22.4% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,006, and the median income for a family was $41,318. Males had a median income of $31,375 versus $23,267 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,689. About 14.0% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over.

Chattanooga's Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Hamilton, Marion, and Sequatchie counties in Tennessee and Catoosa, Dade, and Walker counties in Georgia, grew from 476,531 people, as of the 2000 census, to 496,704 people, as estimated on July 1, 2006. By July 1, 2008, the US Census Bureau had estimated the Chattanooga metropolitan area had grown to 518,441 people, up 9.6% from July 2006. The Chattanooga-Cleveland-Athens Combined Statistical Area, which includes Bradley, Hamilton, Marion, McMinn, Polk, and Sequatchie counties in Tennessee, and Catoosa, Dade, and Walker counties in Georgia, had an estimated population of 658,201 in 2006. The Chattanooga-Cleveland-Athens Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 683,095 people, as of July 1, 2008, up 9.6% from July 2006.

Geography

The city is located at latitude 35°4' North, longitude 85°15' West.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 143.2 square miles (370.8 km²), of which, 135.2 square miles (350.2 km²) of it is land and 8.0 square miles (20.6 km²) of it (5.56%) is water.

The most prominent natural features in and around Chattanooga are the Tennessee River and the surrounding highlands. The city is nestled between the southwestern Ridge-and-valley Appalachians and the foot of Walden's Ridge; the river separates the ridge from the western side of downtown. Several miles east, the city is bisected by Missionary Ridge, which hosted an important battle of the American Civil War.

The Tennessee River is impounded by the TVA's Chickamauga Dam north of the downtown area. Five automobile bridges, one railroad trestle, and one pedestrian bridge cross the river.

Road transport is served by Interstate 75 to Atlanta and Knoxville, Interstate 24 to Nashville, and Interstate 59 to Birmingham. Chattanooga and the surrounding area is served by the Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport. Rail freight is offered by CSX to Atlanta and Nashville, and Norfolk Southern to Atlanta, Birmingham, Cincinnati, Knoxville and Memphis.

Tallest buildings

{| class=wikitable |+ Tallest buildings |- ! Name ! Stories ! Address |- | Republic Centre office building || 21 || 630 Chestnut Street |- | Suntrust Bank office building || 18 || 736 Market Street |- | Dogwood Manor apartments || 18 || 959 Gateway Ave. |- | Tower Apartments || 18 || 500 W. M.L. King Boulevard |- | Chestnut Street Tower II office building || 17 || 605 Chestnut St. |- | First Tennessee Bank office building || 16 || 701 Market St. |}

Neighborhoods

In addition to the restoration of downtown, many of Chattanooga's neighborhoods have experienced a rebirth of their own. Chattanooga has many buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including three neighborhoods: Fort Wood, Ferger Place, and St. Elmo. Additionally, Chattanooga has four local historic districts—St. Elmo, Fort Wood, Battery Place and Ferger Place. The neighborhoods of Highland Park and Glenwood also are being considered for designation. {| | valign="Top" |

Alton Park

Avondale

Brainerd

Bonny Oaks

Bushtown

Clifton Hills

East Brainerd

East Chattanooga

East Lake

Eastdale

Ferger Place

Fort Wood

Glenwood

Highland Park

Hill City

| valign="Top" |

Hixson

Hwy 58

Jefferson Heights

Lookout Valley (also known as Tiftonia and Wauhatchie)

Lupton City

Missionary Ridge

North Chattanooga

Orchard Knob

Pineville

Ridgedale

Riverview

Rossville (not to be confused with the nearby city of Rossville, Georgia)

Southside

Stuart Heights

Tyner

St. Elmo

|}

Important suburbs

{| | valign="Top" |

Apison, Tennessee

Chickamauga, Georgia

Collegedale, Tennessee

East Brainerd, Tennessee

|valign="Top" |

East Ridge, Tennessee

Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia

Harrison, Tennessee

Hixson, Tennessee

Lookout Mountain, Georgia

|valign="Top" |

Lookout Mountain, Tennessee

Ooltewah, Tennessee

Red Bank, Tennessee

Ridgeside, Tennessee

Ringgold, Georgia

|valign="Top" |

Rossville, Georgia

Sale Creek, Tennessee

Signal Mountain, Tennessee

Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee

Walden, Tennessee

|}

Climate

Chattanooga, as with much of Tennessee, has a four-season humid subtropical climate (Koppen ''Cfa''). Winter days are usually mild but there are several days per annum where conditions stay at or below freezing all day. Snow is not common and the 1971–2000 snowfall seasonal median has been . Summer are hot and humid, with a July daily mean of and 46 days annually with or greater temperatures.

Transportation

Considered to be the gateway to the Deep South, Chattanooga's transportation infrastructure has developed into a complex and intricate system of railroads, streets, airports and waterways.

Principal highways

I-24

I-75

US-27 North (formerly I-124)

State Route 153

See also List of Tennessee state highways

Major surface routes

Brainerd Road/Lee Highway (U.S. 11)/(U.S. 64)

Broad Street

Cummings Highway (US 41)/(US 72)

Dayton Blvd (U.S. 27 North)

East Brainerd Road

Georgia Avenue

Hixson Pike

Main Street (U.S. 76)

McCallie Avenue

Ringgold Road

Rossville Boulevard (U.S. 27)

Signal Mountain Boulevard (U.S. 127)

Tunnels

Bachmann Tubes, (also unofficially known as The East Ridge Tunnels), which carry Ringgold Road into the neighboring city of East Ridge.

Missionary Ridge Tunnels (also unofficially known as McCallie or Brainerd Tunnels), which carry McCallie and Bailey Avenues through Missionary Ridge where the route continues as Brainerd Road.

Stringer's Ridge Tunnel, which carries Cherokee Boulevard through Stringer's Ridge where the route continues as Dayton Boulevard.

Wilcox Tunnel, which carries Wilcox Boulevard through Missionary Ridge and connects to Shallowford Road.

Public transit

The city is served by a publicly run bus company, the Chattanooga Area Regional Transportation Authority. CARTA operates 17 routes, including a free electric shuttle service in the downtown area, and free wireless internet on certain "smartbuses".

Railroad lines

Despite a new emphasis on the technology and service sectors, Chattanooga maintains ties to the past and still serves as a major freight hub with Norfolk Southern (NS) and CSX running trains on their own (and each others) lines. The Norfolk Southern Railway's enormous deButts Yard is just east of downtown, Shipp's Yard and CSX's Wauhatchie Yard are southwest of the city. Indeed, the two railroad companies are among the largest individual landowners in the city (the Federal Government is another). The Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, the largest historic operating railroad in the South, and the Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway also provides railroad service in Chattanooga.

Since both NS and CSX both run through Chattanooga, here are the lines that run through the town (the AAR reporting marks are used for the following railroads: NS for Norfolk Southern, CSXT for CSX Transportation, TVRM for the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum, and CCKY for Chattooga and Chickamauga Railway):

CSXT – Western & Atlantic Subdivision (Chattanooga to Atlanta, Georgia)

*Chattanooga Subdivision (Chattanooga to Nashville, Tennessee on former NC&StL trackage)

NS – Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific, aka the Queen and Crescent Route (Chattanooga to Cincinnati, Ohio via Lexington, Kentucky)

*Alabama Great Southern (Chattanooga to New Orleans, Louisiana via Birmingham, Alabama)

*Georgia Division (Chattanooga to Atlanta)

*Tennessee Division (Chattanooga to Knoxville, Tennessee)

*Chattanooga Traction Company

**North Chattanooga to Signal Mountain

**Dry Valley Line (Red Bank to Lupton City)

TVRM – East Chattanooga to Grand Junction (3 miles)

*East Chattanooga Belt Line Railroad (from near 23rd Street, across to Holtzclaw Avenue and East Chattanooga around North Chamberlain Ave., used by TVRM)

*Tyner Terminal Railroad (Enterprise South Industrial Park railroad operations)

CCKY – formerly the Tennessee Alabama & Georgia line (Chattanooga to Hedges, Georgia, now abandoned since 2009)

*formerly the Central of Georgia line (Chattanooga to Lyerly, Georgia)

Also, the Lookout Mountain Incline Railway, often referred to as the Incline Railway by locals, as well as being a tourist attraction, is sometimes used for commuting by Lookout Mountain residents, particularly during wintry weather, when traveling up and down the mountain could be very dangerous.

Chattanooga's most notable connection to the railroad industry is the song Chattanooga Choo Choo, made famous by Glenn Miller & His Orchestra.

Despite the relatively high level of freight rail activity, there is no passenger rail service in the city for either commuters or long-distance travelers.

Bridges

Being bisected by a major waterway, Chattanooga has several large bridges that allow people to traverse the Tennessee River. They are, from west to east:

P.R. Olgiati Bridge – Named for a former mayor, P.R. Olgiati, this bridge, which was dedicated in 1959, carries "27" from downtown to Dayton, Tennessee and points northward.

Market Street Bridge – Officially called the John Ross Bridge. It is a bascule span, which is a type of drawbridge. The bridge was completed in 1917 for the then-astronomical sum of USD $1,000,000. Having stood for decades since its last major overhaul, the Tennessee Department of Transportation declared it unsafe in late 2004. The bridge was closed in 2005 for a long-overdue renovation and reopened on August 4, 2007.

Walnut Street Bridge – Also known as "The Walking Bridge", it is one of the centerpieces of Chattanooga's urban renewal, and is the second longest pedestrian bridge in the nation. Constructed in 1891, the bridge was declared unsafe and closed to traffic in 1978. It was on the verge of being demolished in the late 1980s when public demand led to it being restored as a pedestrian-only span that opened in 1993.

Veterans Memorial Bridge – Completed in 1984, this structure has helped commuters from Hixson, Lupton City and other northern areas reach downtown quickly.

C.B. Robinson Bridge – Opened in 1981, this bridge carries Dupont Parkway from Amnicola Highway to Hixson Pike and Route 153.

Tenbridge – This truss bridge with a vertical lift carries the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway over the river and is a popular railfan area. It was constructed in 1920.

Wilkes T. Thrasher Bridge – Completed in 1955, this route carries Highway 153 over the Chickamauga Dam.

Air travel

The Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport offers non-stop service to various domestic destinations via regional and national airlines, including Allegiant Airlines, American Eagle, Delta Connection, and US Airways Express.

Media and communications

The city of Chattanooga is served by numerous local, regional and national media outlets which reach approximately one million people in four states: Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia and North Carolina.

Newspapers

The ''Chattanooga Times Free Press'', the area's only daily newspaper, is published every morning. It was effectively formed in 1999 from two papers that had been bitter rivals for half a century, the ''Times'' and the ''News-Free Press''. The ''Times'' was once owned by Adolph Ochs, who later bought the ''New York Times''. The ''Times'' had been the morning paper and had a generally more liberal editorial page. The ''News-Free Press'', whose name was the result of an earlier merger, was an afternoon daily and its editorials were more conservative than those in the ''Times''. In 1999, the ''Free Press'' was bought by an Arkansas company, WEHCO Media, publisher of the ''Arkansas Democrat-Gazette,'' which then bought The ''Times'' from the Ochs heirs. The ''Times Free Press'' is the only known newspaper in the United States to have 2 editorial pages, each reflecting opposite ends of the political spectrum. The Times' editorial page, which is liberal, is on the left page and the Free Press' editorial page, which is conservative, is on the right page.

The "Chattanooga Pulse" is a weekly alternative newspaper, published every Thursday. It was formed in 2003 by Zachary Cooper and Michael Kull, running independently until 2008, when the paper was purchased by local broadcast radio and website development firm Brewer Media Group. The newspaper shares news gathering resources with Brewer Media Group's WPLZ Pulse News 95.3FM news talk radio station, and the www.chattanoogapulse.com news website.

Online media

''The Chattanoogan'' and its website "Chattanoogan.com" is an online media outlet that concentrates on news from Chattanooga. The publisher is John Wilson, previously a staff writer for the Chattanooga Free Press.

Nooga.com, purchased in November 2010 by local entrepreneur Barry Large, will relaunch in 2011 as a local news website offering “quality daily content focusing on local business, politics and entertainment in the Chattanooga area.”

Chattarati.com is a community news website founded in 2008 that covers politics, education, business and culture. The site also includes several neighborhood-specific blogs.

Radio

Chattanooga has the following radio stations:

;AM

WUUS 980 AM – broadcasts WDYN – Southern Gospel / WDYN Radio Operated By Tennessee Temple University. (Licensed to Rossville, GA)

WFLI 1070 AM – Southern gospel (Licensed to Lookout Mountain, TN)

WGOW 1150 AM – News/talk / NewsRadio 1150

WNOO 1260 AM – Urban gospel and Motown

WDEF-AM 1370 AM – Sports/1370 Fox Sports Radio

;FM

WUTC 88.1 FM – NPR /Mixed music / Music 88. Operated by UTC. First and only station in Chattanooga to be broadcasting in HD Radio. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)

W203AZ 88.5 FM – Religious/CSN international

WMBW 88.9 FM – Christian / Moody Radio For The Heart Of The Southeast. Owned and operated by Moody Bible Institute. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)

WYBK 89.7 FM – Christian. Operated By Bible Broadcasting Network. (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)

W211BG 90.1 FM – Religious (Licensed to Walden, TN)

WSMC 90.5 FM – Classical/NPR/PRI Operated by Southern Adventist University. (Licensed to Collegedale, TN)

WAWL – College Alternative / The Wawl (web only) Chattanooga State Community College

WDEF-FM 92.3 FM – Adult contemporary / Sunny 92.3 (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)

WSAA 93.1 FM – Adult Hits / 93.1 Jack FM (Licensed to Benton, TN)

WMPZ 93.5 FM – Urban oldies / Groove 93 (Licensed to Harrison, TN)

WJTT 94.3 FM – Urban contemporary / Power 94 (Licensed to Red Bank, TN)

WAAK-LP 94.7 FM – Variety (Low power station licensed to Boynton/Ringgold, GA)

WPLZ 95.3 FM – News/Talk (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)

WDOD 96.5 FM – 96.5 The Mountain—Chattanooga's #1 Hit Music Station (Licensed to Chattanooga, TN)

WUUQ 97.3, & 99.3 FM – Classic Country QCountry 97.3/99.3 (Licensed to South Pittsburg, TN)

WLND 98.1 FM – Hot AC / 98.1 LND (Licensed to Signal Mountain, TN)

WOOP-LP 99.9 FM, Classic country, old-time gospel, bluegrass and mountain music. Operated by the Traditional Music Resource Center, (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)

WUSY 100.7 FM, Contemporary country / US101 (Licensed to Cleveland, TN)

WOCE 101.9 FM, Spanish (Licensed to Ringgold, GA)

WGOW 102.3 FM, News/talk (Licensed to Soddy-Daisy, TN)

WBDX 102.7 FM, Contemporary Christian (Licensed to Trenton, GA)

WLLJ 103.1 FM, Contemporary Christian (Simulcast with WBDX 102.7) (Licensed to Etowah, TN)

WKXJ 103.7 FM, Top 40 / 103.7 Kiss FM (Licensed to Walden, TN)

WALV 105.1 FM, ESPN Sports Talk

WRXR 105.5 FM, Active rock (Licensed to Rossville, GA)

WSKZ 106.5 FM, Classic rock

WOGT 107.9 FM, Contemporary country / The Duke (Licensed to East Ridge, TN)

Television

Chattanooga's television stations include:

WRCB channel 3, NBC affiliate – (DT 13 / cable 4)

WOOT-LP channel 6, independent (formerly UPN) (silent)

WTVC channel 9, ABC affiliate – (DT35 / cable 10)

WDEF channel 12, CBS affiliate – (DT47 / cable 13)

WNGH channel 18, GPB affiliate – (DT 33 / cable 12)

WELF channel 23, TBN affiliate – (DT 16 / cable 9)

W26BE channel 26, 3ABN affiliate – (Not on cable in Chattanooga)

WYHB-CA channel 39, America One affiliate – (Not on Cable in Chattanooga)

WTCI channel 45, PBS member station (DT29 / cable 5)

WFLI-TV channel 53, The CW Television Network affiliate (Formerly UPN and The WB) (DT 42 / cable 6)

WDSI channel 61, Fox affiliate – (DT 40 / cable 11)

See also ''List of television stations in Tennessee, List of television stations in Georgia''

Sister cities

Giv'atayim, Israel Hamm, Germany Nizhny Tagil, Russia Wuxi, China Gangneung, South Korea

Chattanooga also has two twinning cities: Ascoli Piceno, Italy, and Swindon, United Kingdom.

See also

List of people from Chattanooga, Tennessee

Chattanooga, Rome and Columbus Railroad

Chattanooga Choo Choo

Silverdale Detention Center

Bible in the Schools

Benwood Foundation

Lyndhurst Foundation

References

External links

City of Chattanooga

Chattanooga Convention and Visitor's Bureau

Chamber of Commerce

Chattanooga Sports & Events Committee

Chattanooga Times Free Press

Hamilton County Map Maker

Chattanooga Travel and Information

The Chattanoogan – breaking news, opinion, restaurant reviews and community events

Outdoor Chattanooga City-run website with events, activities, educational opportunities and local links

''Chattanooga, Tennessee: Train Town,'' a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan

Category:Cities in Tennessee Category:Chattanooga metropolitan area Category:Hamilton County, Tennessee Category:County seats in Tennessee Category:Populated places established in 1816 Category:U.S. Route 11

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Name	Lucas Cruikshank
Birth name	Lucas Cruikshank
Birth date	August 29, 1993
Birth place	Columbus, Nebraska, United States
Citizenship	American
Occupation	Actor, student
Years active	2008–present
Known for	Comedy
Notable works	Fred
Website	FredFigglehorn.com
Web alias	''Fred'', ''Lucas''
Web host service	YouTube
Signature phrase	"Hey! It's Fred!" }}

}}

Lucas Cruikshank (born August 29, 1993) is an American comedic actor. Living in Columbus, Nebraska, he created the character Fred Figglehorn for his channel, named "Fred", on the video-sharing website YouTube. These videos are centered on Fred Figglehorn, a fictional 6-year-old who has a dysfunctional home life and "anger management issues".

Cruikshank introduced the Fred Figglehorn character in videos on the JKL Productions channel he started on YouTube with his cousins, Jon and Katie Smet. He set up the Fred channel in April 2008. By April 2009, the channel had over one million subscribers, making it the first YouTube channel to do so, and the most subscribed channel at the time.

In December 2009, Cruikshank filmed ''Fred: The Movie'', which aired on Nickelodeon, in September 2010. Nickelodeon has created a franchise surrounding the character and a sequel began production March 2011.

Sponsorship and appearances

The Zipit Wireless Messenger (Z2) has sponsored Cruikshank's "Fred" through the first season, which had several cameos in various videos posted to the Fred Channel. Although the collaboration had originally been kept low-key, Fred now has a separate website promoting the Zipit and has starred in television ads for the device on Nickelodeon.

He made a cameo appearance as both "Fred" and himself on Nickelodeon's ''iCarly'' in "iMeet Fred", which originally aired on February 16, 2009.

Walden Media also hired Cruikshank to promote the film ''City of Ember'', along with the sci-fi novel it was based on, and cameos from the film's star Tim Robbins in Fred episodes and a mock movie trailer. Cruikshank recently launched a website to promote the Fred series and sell Fred T-shirts and other merchandise. The merchandise is also available at Hot Topic, Justice and Five Below stores. Cruikshank has appeared on ''The Tyra Banks Show'', as well as the ''Hannah Montana'' episode "Come Fail Away", which aired December 6, 2009.

He appeared at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards as well as the 2010 Kids' Choice Awards presenting awards to winners off-stage.

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
	''Fred: The Movie'' sequel	Fred Figglehorn	Main Role
	Cartoon Network Hall of Game	Himself	Presenter of award
	''Fred: The Movie''	Fred Figglehorn/Derf	Main Role
	2010 Kids' Choice Awards	Himself	Presenter of awards
	''Hannah Montana''	Kyle McIntyre
	''iCarly''	Himself/Fred Figglehorn
	2009 Teen Choice Awards	Fred Figglehorn	Backstage clips
		Fred Figglehorn/various voices	Web-based series

Awards and nominations

! Year	! Category	! Award	! Result
2009	Favorite User Generated Video	People's Choice Awards
2009	Choice Web Star	Teen Choice Awards
	Choice Web Star	Teen Choice Awards
2010	Iconic Web Star	J-14 Teen Icon Awards

Other channels

Cruikshank was originally a part of JKL Productions, a group comprising twins Jon and Katie Smet and Lucas Cruikshank, their cousin. Although Cruikshank formally left the group, JKL prefers to keep Lucas' "L" in its name. Cruikshank deleted all of his individual videos when he left JKL Productions, but he can still be seen in a few of their videos. In January 2009 he set up his own channel, called Lucas, in which he appears as himself.

References

External links

Lucas Cruikshank's YouTube Page

Fred's YouTube Page

Fred's official website

Category:1993 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Nebraska Category:American child actors Category:American comedians Category:American Internet personalities Category:People from Columbus, Nebraska Category:Child indie musicians

cy:Lucas Cruikshank es:Lucas Cruikshank it:Lucas Cruikshank nl:Lucas Cruikshank pt:Lucas Cruikshank fi:Lucas Cruikshank

name	Lea Michele
birth name	Lea Michele Sarfati
birth date	August 29, 1986
birth place	Bronx, New York, U.S.
occupation	Actress, singer
years active	1995–present
website	}}

Lea Michele Sarfati (born August 29, 1986), known professionally as Lea Michele, is an American actress and singer. Michele began working professionally as a child actress on Broadway in productions such as ''Ragtime'' and ''Les Misérables''. She originated the role of Wendla in the musical ''Spring Awakening'' and currently plays Rachel Berry in the Fox television series ''Glee''. Michele performs in the soprano range.

Early life

Michele was born in the Bronx, New York City, the daughter of Edith, a nurse, and Marc Sarfati, a delicatessen owner. Her mother is Italian American and Roman Catholic, while her father is a Spanish-Sephardic Jew. Michele was raised around "both" of her parents' religions. She grew up in New York City and Tenafly, New Jersey. She attended Rockland Country Day School for elementary school in New York and then Tenafly High School. Michele was home schooled one year while working in Toronto, Ontario on ''Ragtime''. She attended Stagedoor Manor in the Catskills, a center for performing arts training. She was then later accepted to the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, but opted instead to continue working professionally on the stage.

Career

At eight years old, Michele went with a friend named Angela Hind to an open call for a musical. She decided on a whim she wanted to try out. She was offered the part and made her debut on Broadway in 1995 as a replacement in the role of Young Cosette in the New York City production of ''Les Misérables''. This was followed by her performance of the role of Tateh's daughter, the Little Girl, in the 1998 original Broadway cast of ''Ragtime''. In 2004, Michele played Shprintze and Chava in the Broadway revival of the musical ''Fiddler on the Roof''. She also sang on the 2003 Broadway revival cast recording of ''Fiddler on the Roof''.

She played the role of Wendla in Steven Sater and Duncan Sheik's musical version of ''Spring Awakening'', starring in early workshops and Off-Broadway and finally originating the role in the Broadway production in 2006 at the age of 20. Around the same time that the show was set to go to Broadway, she was offered the role of Eponine in the Broadway revival of ''Les Misérables''. She elected to remain with ''Spring Awakening'', which debuted on Broadway in December 2006. She was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for her performance in ''Spring Awakening'' in the category of Outstanding Actress in a Musical.

On May 18, 2008, Michele left ''Spring Awakening'' with co-stars Jonathan Groff. She performed in a reading of Sheik and Sater's new musical, ''Nero'', in July 2008 at Vassar College. From August 8–10, 2008, she portrayed Eponine in the Hollywood Bowl's ''Les Misérables'' concert. She sings on the original Broadway cast recordings of ''Ragtime'' and ''Spring Awakening''.

Michele stars in the Fox television series ''Glee'', where she plays the star singer of a high school glee club, Rachel Berry. The pilot debuted on May 19, 2009. She has won a Screen Actors Guild Award for outstanding ensemble performance and the 2009 Satellite Award for best actress. She also received nominations for an Emmy Award, two nominations for a Golden Globe Award, and Teen Choice Award for her performance in the role. Her cover of The All-American Rejects' "Gives You Hell" reached the top 40 on the US Billboard 200. Michele is featured lead singer in 14 of the top 20 selling ''Glee'' songs as of 2010.

Michele was included in ''TIME'' magazine's 2010 list of the 100 Most Influential People In the World. FHM named her No.7 on 2010 Sexiest Women List, which was the highest ranking for a new entry on the list that year. Michele was named to People Magazine's Best Dressed List of 2010 as "The Newbie" and she was voted "2010 Most Stylish Star" by E! Online. She was ranked 28th on the Maxim 2011 Hot 100. She was number 10 on the Afterellen hot 100 list for 2011.

In 2010, Michele joined the cast of the animated film ''Dorothy of Oz'', voicing the lead role of Dorothy Gale. That same year, she joined the cast of Garry Marshall's romantic comedy ''New Year's Eve''.

Before Super Bowl XLV, on February 6, 2011, she performed "America the Beautiful" with the Air Force Tops In Blue.

Advocacy

Michele is active in participating in charities for gay rights and animal rights, as well as in numerous other charities. In 2008, Michele was a part of the PETA ad campaign "Buck Cruelty! Say No to Horse-Drawn Carriage Rides". In April 2010, Michele appeared in a PSA for PETA speaking out against fur clothing. In September 2010, Michele was honored by PETA for her work for animals.

In support of gay rights, Michele performed at the Human Rights Campaign Dinner in November 2009. In the same month, Michele and Jonathan Groff performed for True Colors Cabaret, a fundraiser in support of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender equality.

In 2008, Michele performed at a benefit concert, "Alive in the World", to aid the Twin Tower Orphan Fund. Michele has also been active with Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS. For ''Broadway Cares'', Michele has participated in Broadway Barks, Broadway Bares, The Easter Bonnet Competition and The Flea Market and Grand Auction.

In October 2010, Michele performed at a benefit concert for The Painted Turtle, a camp for children with illnesses. The concert celebrated the 35th anniversary of ''The Rocky Horror Picture Show'', with Michele playing the lead role of Janet Weiss for the benefit. In February 2011, she performed for The Grammys' ''MusiCares Benefit'' in Los Angeles CA, proceeds from the event go to help musicians in need.

Credits

Broadway

''Les Misérables'' as Young Cosette (1995–96)

''Ragtime'' as the Little Girl (1998–99)

''Fiddler on the Roof'' as Shprintze and Chava (2004–05)

''Spring Awakening'' as Wendla (2006–08)

Readings/Workshops Burt Bacharach and Steven Satar collaboration (November 2009) ''Nero'' as Octavia (July 2008) Samson and Delilah as Delilah King as Anisette Wuthering Heights as Lucy Hot and Sweet as Naleen (September 2006) ''Spring Awakening'' as Wendla – Roundabout Theatre Company (2000 and June 2001)

Concerts/Events

"Broadway Eastern Bonnet" 2004 benefit performance as Sphrintze (with casts of "Avenue Q" and "Fiddler on the Roof")

''Spring Awakening'' as Wendla – Lincoln Center (February 2005)

Unsung 2007: 'Tis The Season To Be Naughty – Lucille Lortel Theater, New York (December 2007) Alive in the World, benefit concert – as Phoebe (January 2008)

"Broadway Eastern Bonnet" 2008 benefit performance as Wendla (with cast of "Spring Awakening")

Feinstein's (February 2008 and April 2008) Flopz n' cutz Concert with Landon Beard, Joe's Pub (April 2008) ''Les Misérables Concert'' as Eponine at the Hollywood Bowl (August 2008) Upright Cabaret (August 2008) Broadway Chance Style: Up Close & Personal (September 2008) Spring Awakening Holiday Benefit Concert – Joe's Pub (December 2008) Human Rights Campaign Dinner, performer (November 2009). True Colors Benefit with Jonathan Groff (November 2009)

''Glee Live! In Concert!'' as Rachel Berry; Phoenix, Los Angeles, Chicago, New York City (May 2010)

Glee TV Academy Event at the Music Box LA (July 27, 2010)

Rocky Horror Picture Show 35th Anniversary To Benefit The Painted Turtle, as Janet Weiss, LA (October 2010) Super Bowl XLV – as performer ( America the Beautiful) Dallas, Texas (February 2011) MusiCares Person of the Year tribute honoring Barbra Streisand, performer, Los Angeles CA. (February 2011)

''Glee Live! In Concert!'' as Rachel Berry; 22 cites, 40 shows, 4 countries, USA, Canada, England, Ireland (May–July 2011)

Other projects

''Ragtime'' as Little Girl, Toronto Centre for the Arts, Toronto, Ontario (1997)

''The Diary of Anne Frank'' as Anne Frank, Washington D.C. (2005)

Spring Awakening as Wendla, Atlantic Theatre Company, off Broadway (May–August 2006)

Dove commercials as spokesperson (2010) Chevrolet commercial, as Rachel Berry: Glee Super Bowl commercial (February 2011) Nike workout application as spokesperson (2011) HP TouchPad commercial (2011)

Film and television

''Third Watch'' ''Around the Block'' ''Glee (TV series) '''' '''' ''Glee: The 3D Concert Movie'' ''New Year's Eve (film) ''Dorothy of Oz (film)

width="75px"	Year	Title	Role	Notes
1998	''Buster and Chanucey's Silent Night''	voice for various characters
2000	|	Sammi	"Spring Forward Fall Back" (Season 1, episode 19)
2008	|	Herself	Pilot
2009–2012	Glee'' ||	Rachel Berry	44 episodes
2010	|	Sarah (voice)	Elementary School Musical (The Simpsons)>Elementary School Musical" (Season 22, episode 1)
2011	|	Rachel Berry (voice)	"How Do You Solve a Problem Like Roberta?" (Season 2, episode 11)
2011	|	Rachel Berry/Herself
2011	New Year's Eve'' ||	Elise
2012	Dorothy of Oz'' ||	Dorothy Gale

Awards and nominations

! Year	! Award	! Category	! Result	! Notes
	Drama Desk Award
	Favorite Leading Actress in a Broadway Musical
Favorite Female Breakthrough Performance
Favorite Onstage Pair (with Jonathan Groff)
	Grammy Award
	New York Television Festival Award	Best Nonscripted Host or Star
Teen Choice Award	Choice TV Breakout Star		rowspan="8" align="center"
Satellite Award
	Golden Globe Award
	Brink of Fame: Actor
	Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Choice Music: Group (with Glee Cast)
Gold Derby TV Award	Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series
Emmy Award
PETA's 30th Anniversary Gala and Humanitarian Awards Award	Honor
Billboard's Women in Music Triple Threat Award	Honor
Glamour Woman of the Year Award	US TV Actress of the Year
Satellite Award			rowspan="5" align="center"
	Golden Globe Award

Discography

''Ragtime: Original Cast Recording'' (1998)

''Fiddler on the Roof: Revival Cast Recording'' (2004)

''Spring Awakening: Original Cast Recording'' Grammy Award winner – Best Cast Recording (2006)

References

External links

Category:1986 births Category:Actors from New Jersey Category:Actors from New York City Category:American female singers Category:American musical theatre actors Category:American musicians of Italian descent Category:American people of Jewish descent Category:American sopranos Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Animal rights advocates Category:LGBT rights activists from the United States Category:Living people Category:Musicians from New Jersey Category:Musicians from New York City Category:Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People from Bergen County, New Jersey Category:People from the Bronx

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name	Amber Riley
birth name	Amber Patrice Riley
birth date	February 15, 1986
birth place	Los Angeles, California, United States
occupation	Actress and singer
years active	2002–present }}

Amber Patrice Riley (born February 15, 1986) is an American actress and singer best known for her role on the series ''Glee'' as Mercedes Jones.

Early life and career

Riley was born in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Tiny (née Hightower) and Elwin Riley. Riley auditioned for ''American Idol'' when she was 17 years old, during the show's second season, but was turned down by the producers. Amber graduated from La Mirada High School in La Mirada, California in 2004. In 2006, Riley auditioned for the part of Effie White in ''Dreamgirls'', yet was refused because of her age. Riley appeared at the 2010 MTV VMAs on September 12, 2010.

''Glee'' and solo album

As of May 2009, Riley plays the role of Mercedes Jones on the hit 'dramedy' ''Glee''. She has sung numerous solos, including "Respect", "Bust Your Windows", "Hate on Me", "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going", "Beautiful", "Bridge over Troubled Water", "I Look to You", "Hell to the No", and "Ain't No Way". Her character gets through her schooldays with her 'diva-style', stylish clothes, and her friendship with the only openly gay boy in school, Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer). In 2011, Riley received an NAACP Image Award nomination for her portrayal of Mercedes; she has won a Screen Actors Guild Award for her acting on ''Glee'', along with the show's ensemble, and has also been nominated for a Teen Choice Award for her acting on the show. Her mother was a member of the choir with whom Mercedes dances in the song "Like a Prayer" during the 15th episode of the first season. Riley is also making a solo album.

Philanthropy

In 2011, Riley acted as a campaign spokesperson for http://www.Dosomething.org and VH1 Save The Music Foundation's second annual "Battle for the Bands." Riley starred in a PSA campaign and engaged fans through social media to participate in the campaign that mobilized young people in the fight for keeping music education in schools.

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	! Notes
2002	''St. Sass''	Toby	Television film
2009–present		Mercedes Jones
2010	''''	Aiesha
2011	''Glee: The 3D Concert Movie''	Herself/Mercedes Jones

References

External links

Category:1986 births Category:African American actors Category:African American female singers Category:African American television actors Category:American Idol participants Category:American television actors Category:Living people Category:Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People from Los Angeles, California

cs:Amber Riley de:Amber Riley es:Amber Riley fr:Amber Riley hr:Amber Riley id:Amber Riley it:Amber Riley nl:Amber Riley ja:アンバー・ライリー pl:Amber Riley pt:Amber Riley ru:Райли, Эмбер fi:Amber Riley sv:Amber Riley

name	Kevin McHale
position	Power forward / Center
height ft	6
height in	10
weight lb	210
number	32
birth date	December 19, 1957
birth place	Hibbing, Minnesota
nationality	American
high school	Hibbing
college	Minnesota (1976–1980)
draft round	1
draft pick	3
draft year	1980
draft team	Boston Celtics
career start	1980
career end	1993
years1	–
team1	Boston Celtics
cyears1	,
cteam1	Minnesota Timberwolves
cyears2	–present
cteam2	Houston Rockets
highlights	3× NBA Champion (1981, 1984, 1986) 7× NBA All-Star (, –) 2× NBA Sixth Man of the Year (–) All-NBA First Team () 3× NBA All-Defensive First Team (–) 3× NBA All-Defensive Second Team (, –) NBA All-Rookie First Team () NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team #32 Retired by the Boston Celtics
stat1label	Points
stat1value	17,335 (17.9 ppg)
stat2label	Rebounds
stat2value	7,122 (7.3 rpg)
stat3label	Blocks
stat3value	1,689 (1.7 bpg)
bbr	mchalke01
letter	m
hof player	kevin-e-mchale
medaltemplates	}}

Kevin Edward McHale (born December 19, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player and current head coach of the Houston Rockets. After his playing career, he worked for the Minnesota Timberwolves as the team's general manager and later its coach. He was fired as coach in June 2009. McHale then worked as an analyst for NBA TV and Turner Sports.

Early life

Kevin McHale was born to Paul Austin McHale and Josephine Patricia Starcevich in Hibbing, Minnesota. In his senior season at Hibbing High School, he was named Minnesota's Mr. Basketball of 1976 and led his squad to a runner-up finish in the AA Minnesota State Championship game.

In 1992, McHale was elected to the Minnesota State High School League Hall of Fame.

Personal life

On June 30, 1982, he married his wife Lynn. They have five children.

In 1990 and again in 1991, he appeared as himself in two episodes of ''Cheers'', a television situation comedy set in Boston.

College career

The 6 ft 10 in (209 cm) McHale played basketball at the power forward position for the University of Minnesota from 1976 to 1980, with career averages of 15.2 points and 8.5 rebounds per game.

He was named All-Big Ten in 1979 and 1980 and still ranks second in school history in career points (1704) and rebounds (950).

In 1995, to coincide with the University of Minnesota's 100th anniversary, he was selected as top player in the history of University of Minnesota men's basketball.

McHale is famous for an encounter with Chuck Foreman in the Gopher locker room. Foreman, a famous Minnesota Vikings player at the time, was congratulating the Gophers on a hard fought victory. As Foreman was shaking all the players' hands, when he arrived at the then-unknown power forward, McHale displayed his comic wit: "Why hello, Mr. Foreman. What do you do for a living?"

NBA playing career

Early professional playing career

Heading into the 1980 NBA Draft the Celtics held the number one overall pick. But in a shrewd pre-draft trade, considered by some to be among the most lopsided in NBA history, Boston Celtics President Red Auerbach dealt the top pick and an additional first-round pick to the Golden State Warriors for center Robert Parish and the Warriors' first-round pick, the third overall. With that pick the Celtics chose McHale.

McHale's stay in Boston got off to a rocky start as he held out for a large contract, even threatening to play in Italy, before signing a three-year deal with the Celtics. Backing up Larry Bird and Cedric "Cornbread" Maxwell at forward, McHale made an immediate impact and was named to the NBA's All-Rookie First Team in his rookie season. Boston finished with the NBA's best record that year.

In the playoffs the Celtics swept the Chicago Bulls in the first round. In the Eastern Conference Finals, the Celtics faced a 3–1 deficit against the Philadelphia 76ers. But Boston won the last three games of the series, including Game 6 on Philadelphia's home court. McHale helped save the Game 6 win by blocking Andrew Toney's shot and corralling the rebound with 16 seconds left to protect the Celtics' one-point lead. In the NBA Finals, Boston defeated the Houston Rockets in six games to capture the club's fourteenth championship.

The Celtics failed to advance to the NBA Finals the next two seasons. Philadelphia exacted a measure of revenge in the 1982 Eastern Conference Final, beating Boston at its home arena, the Boston Garden, in a seventh game. In the 1983 Eastern Conference Semifinals, the Celtics were swept by the Milwaukee Bucks, leading to the firing of head coach Bill Fitch.

Following the 1982–83 season McHale's contract with the Celtics expired, and the New York Knicks signed him to a contract offer sheet. Auerbach retaliated by signing three of New York's top free agent players to offer sheets. The Knicks elected to re-sign their players and give up their pursuit of McHale. McHale eventually re-signed with Boston, his $1 million per season contract making him the fourth-highest paid player in the NBA.

McHale won the first of his consecutive NBA Sixth Man Awards as Boston won a league-best 62 games in the 1983–84 season. Led by a new head coach, former Celtic K.C. Jones, Boston was also bolstered by the acquisition of point guard Dennis Johnson from the Phoenix Suns.

After surviving a tough seven-game semifinal battle with the Knicks, the Celtics avenged the previous season's playoff loss to Milwaukee in the Eastern Conference Finals. Boston would face the Los Angeles Lakers in the NBA Finals in a highly-anticipated matchup.

In Game 4 of the finals, with the Celtics trailing in both the game and the series, McHale delivered a hard foul to Kurt Rambis, violently flinging him down by his throat, as the Lakers' forward raced to the basket. The physical play touched off a bench-clearing scuffle. Boston came back to win the game in overtime and tie the series at two games apiece. They eventually prevailed in seven games to win the franchise's fifteenth championship.

McHale continued to come off the bench during first half of the 1984–1985 season, but moved into a starting role in February 1985 after Cedric Maxwell injured a knee. On March 3 versus the Detroit Pistons McHale had his greatest scoring night, setting the Celtics' single-game scoring record with 56 points. Two nights later McHale scored 42 points against the Knicks, the only other time in his career he topped 40 points in a game. The 98 points in consecutive games is still a Celtics' record. On March 12, just nine days after McHale scored 56, Larry Bird established a new Celtics' single-game scoring mark by pouring in 60 points versus the Atlanta Hawks.

Boston captured its second straight Eastern Conference title but was upended in the NBA Finals in six games by the rival Lakers. McHale led the Celtics in scoring (26.0) and rebounding (10.7) versus the Lakers, including a 32-point, 16-rebound performance in the decisive sixth game.

The 1985–1986 edition of the Boston Celtics won the franchise's sixteenth NBA Championship and is considered one of the greatest teams in NBA history.

The Celtics acquired former NBA Most Valuable Player Bill Walton in a trade from the Los Angeles Clippers in September 1985, and added the 6 ft 11 in (211 cm) center to its already-formidable frontline. Boston sent Cedric Maxwell to the Clippers to complete the trade, clearing the way for McHale to move into a full time starting role. McHale averaged better than 20-points per game for the first time in his career (21.3) and finished thirteenth in the NBA Most Valuable Player voting.

He joined starters Larry Bird, Robert Parish, Dennis Johnson and Danny Ainge as the Celtics steamrolled the NBA with a league-best 67–15 record. The team set a then-NBA record by finishing with an 82–18 win-loss record (including playoffs), breaking the record of 81 victories by the 1971–72 Lakers.

Boston also set the NBA mark for most home victories in one season, finishing 50–1 (including playoffs) in 48 games in the Boston Garden and three games in Hartford, Connecticut. The Portland Trail Blazers were the only team to beat Boston at home, winning 121–103 in Boston on December 6, 1985. (The Celtics did not lose again at home until more than a year later, when Lakers beat them 117–110 on December 12, 1986.)

Boston won 41 of its first 50 games, including two victories over the Lakers. In a rout of the Clippers on December 30, 1985, McHale set his single-game high in rebounds with 18 (a mark he tied versus the Pistons in 1989).

An extremely durable player through the first five seasons of his career, McHale missed 14 games in early 1986 due to an injured Achilles tendon in his left ankle, but he was healthy when the playoffs began. Boston rolled through the Eastern Conference, winning 11 of 12 games versus Chicago, Atlanta and Milwaukee.

For the second time in five years the Celtics faced Houston in the NBA Finals, and the result was the same as in 1981, as Boston won the title in six games. McHale averaged 25.8 points per game in the finals to lead all scorers.

Middle career: the "torture chamber"

"When I was healthy, I always felt I could score," McHale once told reporters. "When it went into what I called 'The torture chamber,' I knew it was in."

By his seventh pro season, McHale had rehearsed and refined his low-post moves and had become one of the NBA's most dominant offensive forces, out-leaping, out-spinning and out-maneuvering defender after defender in his "torture chamber". McHale was never better than the 1986–1987 season, setting career highs in scoring (26.1) and rebounding (9.9). He also became the first player in NBA history to shoot sixty percent or better from the field (60.4%) and eighty percent or better from the free throw line (83.6%) in the same season. McHale was named to the All-NBA First Team, was named the NBA's best defensive player by the league's coaches, and finished fourth in the Most Valuable Player voting behind Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, and Larry Bird.

In nine games from February 23, 1987, through March 13, McHale played arguably the best stretch of basketball in his career. He averaged 30.7 points and 10 rebounds per game while shooting a staggering 71.7 percent from the floor. During this stretch McHale scored his season-high in points, 38 versus the Pistons on March 1.

In a win at Chicago on March 27, McHale broke the navicular bone in his right foot. He ignored doctors' advice that the injury could be career-threatening and continued to play. In the playoffs a hobbled McHale averaged 39 minutes per game and connected on 58 percent of his shots as Boston once again won the Eastern Conference title. Boston swept the Bulls in the first round for the second straight year and survived two seven-game series with the Bucks and Pistons. A tired and hurting Celtics team could not defend its championship, losing to the Lakers in six games in the NBA Finals.

Off-season surgery on his injured right foot and ankle forced McHale to sit out the first month of the 1987–1988 season He scored 22 points in 22 minutes of play in his return to the Celtics on December 1, 1987, versus Atlanta.

Teammate Danny Ainge once called McHale "The Black Hole", joking that when the basketball was passed inside to McHale it disappeared because he rarely passed it back. But in a win over the Dallas Mavericks on April 3, 1988, McHale played the role of passer, distributing a career high 10 assists.

The Celtics won 57 games and made their fifth straight appearance in the Eastern Conference Finals. McHale shot 60 percent from the field and averaged a career playoff-high 25.4 points per game as Boston defeated the Knicks in four games and the Hawks in a thrilling seven-game semi-final series. The Detroit Pistons were too strong for the Celtics this time around and defeated Boston in six games in the conference final. Head coach K. C. Jones retired at the end of the season, and the Celtics of the Bird-McHale-Parish era would never again advance past the conference semi-finals.

Later career

Injuries limited Larry Bird to just six games in 1988–89 and the Celtics slipped to 42–40. New head coach Jimmy Rodgers coaxed the team into the playoffs as the Eastern Conference's eighth and final seed behind the play of McHale and Parish and second-year guard Reggie Lewis.

The Celtics faced the Pistons in the playoffs for the third straight year. Detroit bottled up McHale this time around, holding him to 19 points per game and less than 50 percent shooting from the field. The Pistons easily swept the Celtics en route to their first NBA Championship.

The 1989–90 season marked the last time McHale was healthy enough to play in all 82 regular season games for the Celtics, but the season was one of discontent for Boston. Second-year point guard Brian Shaw left the team to play in Europe after a salary dispute, and Larry Bird—back from his injuries—was criticized by teammates, including McHale, for taking too many shots and trying to dominate games on his own.

Rodgers moved McHale back into his old "sixth man" role for the majority of the regular season; McHale's scoring dipped into the teens coming off the bench. With 23 games to play and Boston just nine games above .500, Rodgers decided to put McHale back into the starting lineup. McHale averaged 24.2 points and 9 rebounds down the stretch as the Celtics went 18–5 and finished just a game behind Philadelphia in the Atlantic Division.

McHale became the first player in twenty years to finish in the NBA's top ten in field goal percentage (seventh) and free throw percentage (fifth) in the same season.

Boston took the first two games of its first-round playoff series with the Knicks, including a record-setting 157–128 blowout in Game 2. In a shocking reversal the Knicks fought back and won the last three games of the series, bouncing the stunned Celtics from the playoffs. Head coach Jimmy Rodgers was fired following the playoff disappointment.

McHale contemplated retirement in the off-season after having another surgery performed on his balky right ankle, but he came back for the 1990–91 season. Boston paired young backcourt players Lewis, Dee Brown, Kevin Gamble and Brian Shaw—back from his year in Europe—with Bird, McHale and Parish and hired Chris Ford, a longtime assistant coach and member of the Celtics' 1981 championship team, to be its head coach.

The season got off to a promising start as Boston sprinted to a 29–5 record, but the Celtics were soon slowed by injuries to McHale (ankle) and Bird (back). McHale missed 14 regular season games and Bird 22, as the Celtics limped to a 27–21 record over the last three months of the season. Boston defeated the Indiana Pacers in five games in a hotly-contested first round playoff matchup, but for the third time in four years the Celtics were eliminated by Detroit, this time in a six-game semi-final series.

McHale played in a career-low 56 games and Bird played in just 45, as each suffered through an injury-plagued 1991–92 season. Boston struggled for most of the regular season but got hot as the playoffs approached, winning 15 of its last 16 games and finishing with 51 wins, the third-most in the Eastern Conference.

The Celtics swept the Pacers in the first round, but were defeated in seven games in the conference semi-finals by the younger, quicker Cleveland Cavaliers. Bird retired from the NBA three months later.

The 1992–93 season was McHale's last in the NBA. McHale played in 71 games, but he was severely hampered by leg and back injuries. He averaged just 10.7 points per game and shot less than 50 percent from the floor (45.9%) for the only time in his career.

In the first round of the NBA playoffs against the Charlotte Hornets the Celtics were stunned by the loss of Lewis, their leading scorer. He collapsed on the court during Game 1 and was diagnosed with what eventually proved to be a fatal heart condition. McHale performed brilliantly in the series. He averaged 19.6 points per game and shot 58 percent from the field—including 30 points and 10 rebounds in Game 2—but Boston fell to the Hornets in four games.

McHale announced his retirement while talking with reporters at the scorer's table after the Game 4 loss in Charlotte.

Legacy

McHale was a part of what some consider the league's best-ever frontline with small forward Larry Bird and center Robert Parish. The trio of Hall of Famers became known as the "Big Three" and led the Celtics to five NBA Finals appearances and three NBA Championships, in 1981, 1984 and 1986. For the first five years of his career McHale primarily came off the bench for the Celtics, winning the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award in 1984 and 1985.

Possessing a wide variety of offensive moves close to the basket the agile, long-armed McHale played in seven National Basketball Association All-Star Games between 1984 and 1991. McHale's finest season came in 1986–87 when he was named to the All-NBA First Team as a forward. He led the NBA in field goal percentage in 1987 and 1988, shooting 60.4 percent each season. Also a standout defensive player, McHale was selected to the NBA All-Defensive First or Second Team six times. He twice blocked nine shots in a game, the most ever by a Boston Celtics' player (blocked shots did not become an official NBA statistic until the 1974 season).

In 971 regular season games McHale averaged 17.9 points and 7.3 rebounds and in 169 post-season games averaged 18.8 points and 7.4 rebounds.

At the end of the 2007–2008 season McHale ranked tenth in NBA history in career field goal percentage (55.4%), and he is among the Celtics' career leaders in several categories, including games played, points scored and rebounding.

McHale's number 32 jersey was retired by the Celtics on January 30, 1994, during a halftime ceremony at the Boston Garden .

He was chosen one of the NBA's fifty greatest players and was named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team in 1996.

McHale was elected to the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999.

NBA career statistics

Regular season

|- | align="left" | 1980–81 | align="left" | Boston | 82 || 1 || 20.1 || .533 || .000 || .679 || 4.4 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 1.8 || 10.0 |- | align="left" | 1981–82 | align="left" | Boston | 82 || 33 || 28.4 || .531 || .000 || .754 || 6.8 || 1.1 || 0.4 || 2.3 || 13.6 |- | align="left" | 1982–83 | align="left" | Boston | 82 || 13 || 28.6 || .541 || .000 || .717 || 6.7 || 1.3 || 0.4 || 2.3 || 14.1 |- | align="left" | 1983–84 | align="left" | Boston | 82 || 10 || 31.4 || .556 || .333 || .765 || 7.4 || 1.3 || 0.3 || 1.5 || 18.4 |- | align="left" | 1984–85 | align="left" | Boston | 79 || 31 || 33.6 || .570 || .000 || .760 || 9.0 || 1.8 || 0.4 || 1.5 || 19.8 |- | align="left" | 1985–86 | align="left" | Boston | 68 || 62 || 35.3 || .574 || .000 || .776 || 8.1 || 2.7 || 0.4 || 2.8 || 21.3 |- | align="left" | 1986–87 | align="left" | Boston | 77 || 77 || 39.7 || .604 || .000 || .836 || 9.9 || 2.6 || 0.5 || 2.2 || 26.1 |- | align="left" | 1987–88 | align="left" | Boston | 64 || 63 || 37.3 || .604 || .000 || .797 || 8.4 || 2.7 || 0.4 || 1.4 || 22.6 |- | align="left" | 1988–89 | align="left" | Boston | 78 || 74 || 36.9 || .546 || .000 || .818 || 8.2 || 2.2 || 0.3 || 1.2 || 22.5 |- | align="left" | 1989–90 | align="left" | Boston | 82 || 25 || 33.2 || .549 || .333 || .893 || 8.3 || 2.1 || 0.4 || 1.9 || 20.9 |- | align="left" | 1990–91 | align="left" | Boston | 68 || 10 || 30.4 || .553 || .405 || .829 || 7.1 || 1.9 || 0.4 || 2.1 || 18.4 |- | align="left" | 1991–92 | align="left" | Boston | 56 || 1 || 30.4 || .509 || .000 || .822 || 5.9 || 1.5 || 0.2 || 1.1 || 13.9 |- | align="left" | 1992–93 | align="left" | Boston | 71 || 0 || 30.4 || .459 || .111 || .841 || 5.0 || 1.0 || 0.2 || 0.8 || 10.7 |- | align="left" | Career | align="left" | ... | 971 || 400 || 31.0 || .554 || .261 || .798 || 7.3 || 1.7 || 0.4 || 1.7 || 17.9

Playoffs

|- | align="left" | 1980–81 | align="left" | Boston | 17 || ... || 18.1 || .540 || .000 || .639 || 3.5 || 0.8 || 0.2 || 1.5 || 8.5 |- | align="left" | 1981–82 | align="left" | Boston | 12 || ... || 22.0 || .575 || .000 || .755 || 7.1 || 0.9 || 0.4 || 2.3 || 16.2 |-

Career after retirement

Front office work

Upon his retirement as an NBA player, McHale joined the Minnesota Timberwolves as a television analyst and special assistant. In the summer of 1994, new Timberwolves owner Glen Taylor promoted him to Assistant General Manager. He continued to broadcast Timberwolves games and work as an executive until 1995, when he succeeded Jack McCloskey as Vice President of Basketball Operations, where one of his first moves was to hire former University of Minnesota teammate Flip Saunders as head coach of the Timberwolves.

The next season McHale made the decision to draft high school phenom forward Kevin Garnett with the fifth overall pick of the 1995 NBA Draft. Though Garnett developed into one of the NBA's best players, the Timberwolves advanced past the first round of the Western Conference playoffs only once in Garnett's twelve seasons with the team.

It was also during McHale's reign that the Timberwolves were punished by the NBA for making a secret deal with free agent forward Joe Smith to circumvent the league's salary cap rules. Before the 1998–99 season, Smith agreed in secret to sign three one-year contracts with the Timberwolves for less than his market value. In return, Smith received a promise that the Timberwolves would give him a multi-year, multi-million dollar contract before the 2001–02 season.

In 2000, after word of the secret agreement got out, NBA commissioner David Stern voided Smith's final one-year contract with the Timberwolves, making Smith a free agent. Stern also took away three of the Timberwolves' next five first-round draft picks and fined the team $3.5 million. Smith signed with Detroit for one season, but came back to Minnesota before the 2001–2002 season as a free agent.

On February 12, 2005, the Timberwolves fired Saunders and McHale took on head coaching duties for the remainder of the 2004–05 season. He compiled a 19–12 record but had no interest in continuing as head coach. Dwane Casey was hired as the new head coach in the off-season of 2005.

With Minnesota sitting at .500 midway through the 2006–07 season, McHale fired Casey on January 23, 2007. Timberwolves' assistant coach Randy Wittman was tabbed to take over for Casey. Despite missing the playoffs, on April 19, 2007, the Timberwolves announced that McHale would return for the 2007–08 season, as would Wittman.

Prior to the 2007 NBA Draft McHale reportedly tried to work out a trade with Celtics General Manager and former teammate Danny Ainge that would have sent Kevin Garnett to Boston for a draft pick and players. Garnett's agent told the Timberwolves and the Celtics that his client had no interest in playing for Boston, and the potential trade was scuttled. In late July 2007, Minnesota and Boston once again tried to consummate a deal for Garnett. Garnett eased his stance on being traded to Boston; on July 31 he was sent to the Celtics for five players and two first-round draft picks. Garnett finished third in the MVP balloting and was named the NBA Defensive Player of the Year in leading Boston to the NBA Championship over the Lakers.

Coaching

On December 8, 2008, the Timberwolves fired Wittman. He had compiled a 38–105 record since taking over for Casey. The Timberwolves announced that McHale would step down as VP of Basketball Operations and once again take over the head coaching job, this time more permanently; the Timberwolves' owner Glen Taylor at the time indicated that he was not seeking to replace McHale as head coach. On June 17, 2009, however, it was announced that McHale would not return as the Timberwolves' head coach for the 2009–2010 season. On June 1, 2011, McHale became the head coach for the Houston Rockets, replacing Rick Adelman.

McHale is one of six members of the 1985–1986 Celtics' championship team to serve as an NBA head coach (Larry Bird, Danny Ainge, Dennis Johnson, Sam Vincent and Rick Carlisle are the others).

TV Analyst

Kevin McHale began working for TNT and NBA TV as an analyst during the 2009–2010 season. He occasionally appeared on NBA on TNT in the studio and called a few regular season and playoff games for the station.

McHale was also a part of the studio team for NBA TV's Fan Night broadcasts on Tuesday nights during the season, along with Ernie Johnson and Chris Webber. Kevin McHale also called games for the station during the 2010 Las Vegas Summer League.

See also

List of National Basketball Association career blocks leaders

List of National Basketball Association career playoff scoring leaders

List of National Basketball Association career playoff blocks leaders

List of National Basketball Association career playoff free throw scoring leaders

Notes

External links

NBA.com historical playerfile

Hoopedia bio

NBA coach Bio

IMDB page

Category:1957 births Category:Living people Category:People from Hibbing, Minnesota Category:Basketball players at the 1979 Pan American Games Category:Basketball players from Minnesota Category:Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees Category:Boston Celtics draft picks Category:National Basketball Association players with retired numbers Category:Boston Celtics players Category:Minnesota Golden Gophers men's basketball players Category:Minnesota Timberwolves broadcasters Category:Minnesota Timberwolves head coaches Category:Minnesota Timberwolves executives Category:National Basketball Association executives Category:National Basketball Association head coaches Category:National Basketball Association general managers Category:Power forwards (basketball) Category:National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees Category:American people of Croatian descent Category:American people of Irish descent

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